Valacyclovir
Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes simplex virus infections, including genital herpes (HSV-2) and oral herpes (HSV-1). It is a prodrug of acyclovir, offering improved absorption and more convenient dosing. Valacyclovir can be used during outbreaks to speed healing and reduce symptoms, or daily as suppressive therapy to decrease recurrence frequency and viral transmission. It is a cornerstone of herpes management—clinically proven to reduce pain, healing time, and the risk of spreading the virus to partners.
How does it work?
Valacyclovir works by inhibiting the herpes virus’s ability to replicate within the body:
- Viral DNA Polymerase Inhibition
• After oral administration, Valacyclovir converts into acyclovir, which blocks viral DNA replication by targeting the virus’s DNA polymerase enzyme—stopping herpes from multiplying. - Symptom Suppression and Faster Healing
• When taken at the first sign of a herpes outbreak, Valacyclovir shortens lesion duration, reduces pain and itching, and speeds up crusting and healing. - Long-Term Suppression and Transmission Reduction
• Daily low-dose Valacyclovir helps prevent outbreaks and lowers the risk of viral shedding and partner transmission—even when no lesions are visible.
Benefits
✓ Shortens duration and severity of outbreaks
✓ Reduces itching, burning, pain, and discomfort
✓ Suppressive therapy reduces outbreak frequency and risk of transmission
✓ Effective for both HSV-1 and HSV-2
✓ Fewer daily doses compared to older antivirals
✓ Safe for long-term use in most patients
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is Valacyclovir?
Valacyclovir is an oral tablet, prescription medicine that is FDA approved to treat cold sores and genital herpes.
How does Valacyclovir work?
Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication that is used to treat certain viral infections, primarily caused by herpes viruses. Valacyclovir works by inhibiting the replication of herpes viruses. It does this by interfering with the viral DNA synthesis process. By inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, Valacyclovir helps to reduce the spread of the virus and control the infection. It is most commonly used to treat genital herpes and cold sores (oral herpes). It’s essential to note that while Valacyclovir can help manage herpes virus infections, it does not cure the infection completely. The virus remains in the body, and outbreaks may still occur, especially during times of weakened immunity or stress.
What can I expect with Valacyclovir treatment?
Valacyclovir is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of herpes outbreaks. For people with recurrent herpes infections, taking Valacyclovir regularly can help suppress the virus and decrease the number of outbreaks experienced. When taken during an active herpes outbreak, Valacyclovir can help speed up the healing process and reduce the duration of symptoms like pain, itching, and blisters.
Valacyclovir can reduce the risk of transmitting herpes to sexual partners when taken as a daily suppressive therapy. However, it’s essential to use additional precautions such as condoms, as the risk of transmission is not completely eliminated.
The duration of Valacyclovir treatment will vary depending on the reason for use. For acute outbreaks, treatment is usually for a few days. For suppressive therapy, it may be taken daily for an extended period under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
How to take Valacyclovir?
Valacyclovir works best if it is used within 48 hours after the first symptoms of genital herpes (pain, burning, or blisters) begin to appear. For recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes, Valacyclovir works best if it is used within 24 hours after the symptoms begin to appear. For these recurrent outbreaks, taking Valacyclovir daily instead of just during an outbreak, will greatly reduce the number of total outbreaks per year.
What are the possible side effects of Valacyclovir?
Valacyclovir works very well for the treatment of cold sores and genital herpes. Like most medications, Valacyclovir may cause side effects in some individuals.
Common side effects include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Skin rash
- Fatigue or weakness
Most of these side effects are generally mild and go away on their own without any specific treatment. However, if any of these side effects persist or become bothersome, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider.
In rare cases, Valacyclovir can cause more serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. If you experience any of the following severe side effects, seek medical help right away:
- Allergic reactions: Signs may include rash, itching, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing.
- Unusual bruising or bleeding: Valacyclovir can affect the blood’s clotting ability in some cases.
- Kidney problems: Symptoms may include change in the amount of urine, back/side pain, or signs of dehydration.
- Neurological symptoms: Rarely, some people may experience confusion, hallucinations, tremors, or seizures.
It’s essential to take Valacyclovir as prescribed by your doctor and inform them about any other medications or supplements you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions. If you have a history of kidney problems or immune system issues, let your healthcare provider know, as they may need to adjust the dosage or monitor your condition more closely.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Valacyclovir?
If you are taking Valacyclovir for an outbreak and you miss a dose, you may need to start your therapy over again. Consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist. If taking Valacyclovir for suppressive therapy and you miss a daily dose, take your dose as soon as you remember if it is same-day. If you completely missed a daily dose, go back to your normal dosing schedule the next day. Do not double up on the next day’s dose.
How should I store Valacyclovir?
Keep this medication in the original container that you received it in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).
